Spring Test
May 06, 2019
Spring有spring-test, 加之Mockito和Junit，使得Test变得容易。
@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class) 和 @ContextConfiguration(locations = {…})
使用这个组合来加载springcontext并进行测试。如果你使用的是spring-boot，可以使用 @RunWith(SpringRunner.class)和@SpringBootTest(SpringBootTest.WebEnvironment.None, classes = XXX.class)。 效果是一样的。
@MockBean
它的含义是为你创建一个空的Bean，同时替换在正式的springcontext中的bean。可以随后基于这个空的bean进行verify。
@SpyBean
它的含义是为你创建一个几乎真实的bean，但是你可以替换bean里面的方法。同样随后可以基于此进行verify。
@Autowired
这个没啥说的，就是你要测试的那个bean。如果有多个同样类型的，使用@Qulifier(xxx)来区分。
例子
@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@ContextConfiguration(classes = RapidFacilityLoaderContext.class)
public class RapidFacItemWriterTest {
@MockBean
private MongoOperations mockProvider;
@Autowired
private RapidFacItemWriter rapidWriter;
@Test
public void testWriteAdd() throws Exception {
Assert.assertNotNull(rapidWriter);
List<RpdFacility> toWrite = new ArrayList<>();
RpdFacility rf = createRf();
toWrite.add(rf);
rf.setActionCode(RpdActionCodeE.ADD);
rapidWriter.write(toWrite);
verify(mockProvider, times(1)).find(any(Query.class), eq(Facility.class));
verify(mockProvider, times(1)).updateMulti(any(Query.class), any(Update.class), eq(Facility.class));
verify(mockProvider, times(1)).insertAll(any(List.class));
}
} 如何测试@PostConstruct的bean
我们知道@PostConstruct的方法在Springcontext中是加载完构造体就要执行的，如果这个方法里面的依赖需要mock怎么办，你可能会说，使用@Before阿，可是并没有用，因为@Before后运行。 方法是基于原有的springcontext创建测试context，在所依赖的bean里mock出想要的行为。如果你的名字不同（下面例子中的altIdDao），就要使用@Primary来区分。如果名字相同，会自动override。
@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@ContextConfiguration(classes= {AwesomeTestConfig.class})
@TestPropertySource(properties = {"date = 20180524","propertiesFile=classpath:xxx.properties","./data/input/cds=.","CVA_HOME=.","fileName=emptyfile"})
public class CurveResolutionOrganizationTest {
@Autowired
private CreditRatingAltIdDao altIdDao;
@Autowired
@Qualifier("orgCreditAttributesProcessor")
CreditAttributesProcessor processor;
@Test
public void test() {
...
processor.getCreditRatingAltIdDao();
Assert.assertTrue(processor.getClassificationOverrideMap()==map);
}
@Configuration
@Import(CurveResolutionOrganizationLoaderContext.class)
static class AwesomeTestConfig{
@Bean
@Primary
public CreditRatingAltIdDao altIdDao() {
CreditRatingAltIdDao altIdDao = Mockito.mock(CreditRatingAltIdDao.class);
CreditRatingAltId altId = new CreditRatingAltId();
when(altIdDao.findAltIdByAgencyAndRating(isA(AgencyE.class), anyString())).thenReturn(altId);
return altIdDao;
}
}
}如何测试@StepScope的bean
@Bean
@StepScope
public ItemWriter<DirectParents> itemWriter(@Value("#{jobParameters[cobDate]}") Date cobDate) {
DirectParentsWriter writer = new DirectParentsWriter();
writer.setCobDate(cobDate);
return writer;
}如果想测试上面的Writer，根据spring-test, 你需要@TestExecutionListeners({DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.class, StepScopeTestExecutionListener.class})，可是如果这样的话，你原来的@MockBean反而不工作了，解决办法就是显式引入Mockito的Listener。如下所示
@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@ContextConfiguration(classes = DirectParentTestConfig.class)
@TestExecutionListeners({DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.class, StepScopeTestExecutionListener.class, MockitoTestExecutionListener.class})
public class DirectParentsWriterTest {
@MockBean
private MongoOperations mongo;
@Autowired
private ItemWriter<DirectParents> writer;
@Test
public void testWriter() {
assertNotNull(writer);
assertNotNull(mongo);
List<DirectParents> items = new ArrayList<>();
DirectParents dp = new DirectParents();
dp.setGfcId("gfcId");
dp.setDirectParentGfcId("parentGfcId");
items.add(dp);
try {
writer.write(items);
verify(mongo, times(1)).insertAll(any(Collection.class));
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
fail();
}
}
public StepExecution getStepExecution() {
JobParameter datePara = new JobParameter(new Date());
// StepExecution execution = MetaDataInstanceFactory.createStepExecution();
// doesn't work
// execution.getJobParameters().getParameters().put("cobDate", datePara);
// doesn't work
// execution.getJobExecution().getJobParameters().getParameters().put("cobDate", datePara);
Map<String,JobParameter> parameters = new HashMap<>();
parameters.put("cobDate", datePara);
JobParameters jobParas = new JobParameters(parameters);
JobExecution jobExec = MetaDataInstanceFactory.createJobExecution("job", 333L, 555L, jobParas);
StepExecution execution = jobExec.createStepExecution("stepName");
return execution;
}
@Configuration
@Import(DirectParentContext.class)
static class DirectParentTestConfig{
@Bean
public DataSource dataSource() {
return null;
}
}
}关于设置JobParameter有个坑，如果你从execution里面拿Map放参数进去，你永远不会成功，因为它给你是全新的Map。也就是说这个Map只读，不可写。
org.springframework.batch.core.JobParameters.java
/**
* Get a map of all parameters, including string, long, and date.
*
* @return an unmodifiable map containing all parameters.
*/
public Map<String, JobParameter> getParameters(){
return new LinkedHashMap<String, JobParameter>(parameters);
}致谢
https://www.baeldung.com/spring-boot-testing
https://www.baeldung.com/java-spring-mockito-mock-mockbean
https://docs.spring.io/spring-batch/trunk/reference/html/testing.html#d5e3531
